Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method
(i) x + y = 14; x - y = 4
(ii) s - t = 3; s/3 + t/2 = 6
(iii) 3x - y = 3; 9x - 3y = 9
(iv) 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3; 0.4x + 0.5y = 2.3
(v) √2x + √3y = 0; √3x - √8y = 0
(vi) (3x/2) - (5y/3) = -2; x/3 + y/2 = 13/6
Solution:
We will solve the pair of linear equations given by substitution method.
(i) x + y = 14 ...(1)
x - y = 4 ...(2)
By solving the equation (1)
y = 14 - x...(3)
Substitute y = 14 - x in equation (2), we get
x - (14 - x) = 4
2x - 14 = 4
2x = 4 + 14
2x = 18
x = 9
Substituting x = 9 in equation (3), we get
y = 14 - 9
y = 5
Thus, x = 9, y = 5
(ii) s - t = 3...(1)
s/3 + t/2 = 6...(2)
By solving equation (1)
s - t = 3
s = 3 + t...(3)
Substitute s = 3 + t in equation (2), we get
(3 + t) / 3 + t/2 = 6
(6 + 2t + 3t) / 6 = 6
6 + 5t = 6 × 6
5t = 36 - 6
t = 30/5
t = 6
Substituting t = 6 in equation (3), we get
s = 3 + 6
s = 9
Thus, s = 9, t = 6
(iii) 3x - y = 3 ...(1)
9x - 3y = 9 ...(2)
By solving the equation (1)
3x - y = 3
y = 3x - 3 ...(3)
Substitute y = 3x - 3 in equation (2), we get
9x - 3(3x - 3) = 9
9x - 9x + 9 = 9
9 = 9
This shows that the lines are coincident having infinitely many solutions.
x can take any value. i.e. Infinitely many Solutions.
(iv) 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3 ...(1)
0.4x + 0.5 y = 2.3 ...(2)
Multiply both the equations (1) and (2) by 10, to remove the decimal number and making it easier for calculation.
[0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3] × (10)
⇒ 2x + 3y = 13 ...(3)
[0.4x + 0.5y = 2.3] × (10)
⇒ 4x + 5y = 23 ...(4)
By solving the equation (3)
2x + 3y = 13
3y = 13 - 2x
y = (13 - 2x) / 3 ...(5)
Substitute y = (13 - 2x)/3 in equation (4), we get
4x + 5 [(13 - 2x) / 3] = 23
(12x + 65 - 10x) / 3 = 23
2x + 65 = 23 × 3
2x = 69 - 65
x = 4/2 = 2
Substituting x = 2 in equation (5), we get
y = (13 - 2 × 2) / 3
y = 9/3 = 3
Thus, x = 2, y = 3
(v) √2x + √3y = 0...(1)
√3x - √8y = 0...(2)
By solving equation (1)
√2x + √3y = 0
√3y = - √2x
y = - (√2x/3) ...(3)
Substitute y = - √2x/3 in equation (2), we get
√3x - √8(- √2x/3) = 0
√3x + (√16x/3) = 0
(3√3x + 4x)/3 = 0
x(3√3 + 4) = 0
x = 0
Substituting x = 0 in equation (3), we get
y = - (√2 × 0) / 3
y = 0
Thus, x = 0, y = 0
(vi) (3x/2) - (5y/3) = - 2 ...(1)
x/3 + y/2 = 13/6 ...(2)
Multiply both the equations (1) and (2) by 6, to remove the denominatores and making it easier for calculation.
[3x/2 - 5y/3 = - 2] × 6
9x - 10y = - 12 ...(3)
[x/3 + y/2 = 13/6] × 6
2x + 3y = 13 ...(4)
By solving equation (3)
9x - 10y = - 12
10y = 9x + 12
y = (9x + 12) / 10 ...(5)
Substituting y = (9x + 12) / 10 in equation (4), we get
2x + 3 [(9x + 12) / 10] = 13
(20x + 27x + 36) / 10 = 13
47x = 130 - 36
x = 94/47 = 2
Substituting x = 2 in equation (5), we get
y = (9 × 2 + 12) / 10
y = 30/10
y = 3
Thus, x = 2, y = 3
☛ Check: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Video Solution:
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method. (i) x + y = 14; x - y = 4 (ii) s - t = 3; s/3 + t/2 = 6 (iii) 3x - y = 3; 9x - 3y = 9 (iv) 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3; 0.4x + 0.5 y = 2.3 (v) √2x + √3y = 0; √3x - √8y = 0 (vi) (3x/2) - (5y/3) = -2; x/3 + y/2 = 13/6
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Chapter 3 Exercise 3.3 Question 1
Summary:
On solving the pair of linear equations by the substitution method we get the variables as: (i) x + y = 14; x - y = 4 where, x = 9, y = 5, (ii) s - t = 3; s/3 + t/2 = 6 where, s = 9, t = 6, (iii) 3x - y = 3; 9x - 3y = 9 where, x can have infinitely many solutions, (iv) 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3; 0.4x + 0.5 y = 2.3 where, x = 2, y = 3, (v) √2x + √3y = 0; √3x - √8y = 0 where, x = 0, y = 0, (vi) (3x/2) - (5y/3) = -2; x/3 + y/2 = 13/6 where, x = 2, y = 3.
☛ Related Questions:
- Solve 2x + 3y =11 and 2x - 4 y = -24, hence find the value of ‘m’ for which y = mx +3.
- Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their Solution by substitution method. (i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find them. (ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them. (iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for ₹ 3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for ₹ Find the cost of each bat and each ball (iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is ₹ 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is ₹ 155. What are the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km? (v)A fraction becomes 9/11, if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction. (vi)Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
- Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method and the substitution method: (i) x + y = 5 and 2x - 3y = 4 (ii) 3x + 4 y = 10 and 2x - 2y = 2 (iii) 3x - 5y - 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7 (iv) x/2 + 2y/3 = -1 and x - y/3 = 3
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