Measurement

Measurement refers to the comparison of an unknown quantity with a known quantity. The result of a measurement is a numeric value with certain units. We can measure the length, mass, capacity (volume), and temperature of any given object. Let us learn more about the measurement chart, measurement conversion and the units of measurement in this article.

Measurement is defined as the system or act of measuring. It can be understood as a process of defining physical items using numbers. For example, 'this rod is bigger than that rod'. This statement is serving a very limited purpose of comparison where we do not know anything about the individual attributes of the given rods. However, if we say that the length of the first rod is 20 inches, and the length of the second rod is 15 inches, we understand that the 1st rod is bigger than the second one by 5 inches. This statement is making more sense mathematically and offers us a reason for our deduction.

In mathematics, measurement is often considered as a separate branch as it includes a wide range of knowledge including conversion, units, measuring length, mass, time, etc. It is associated with other branches as well like geometry, trigonometry, algebra, etc. We use the concept of measurement with the shapes (area, volume, etc). Measuring heights and distances using trigonometric ratios is also a type of measurement (trigonometry). Measurement can also be done using unknown quantities or variables to establish a general relationship (algebra). Now, before learning about measurement units, let us learn the abbreviations that are generally used to represent units of measurement.

You can go ahead and explore all important topics in measurement by selecting the topics from the list given below:

There are various units of measurement depending on its type. For example, the measurement units of length are meters, centimeters, inches, feet, etc. For mass, we have kilograms, grams, pounds, tons, etc. There is a way to classify various measurement units into two types: Metric System and the U.S Standard System (Imperial System of Measurement). In each of these systems, we use different units for each type of measurement. While millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers are measurement units of length under the metric system, in the US standard system, we commonly use inches, feet, yards, and miles.

Observe the measurement chart given below which shows the categorization of different measurement units in these two systems of measurement.

Whenever we need to compare the values of the given quantities or perform arithmetic operations on them, we need to have a common unit of measurement. For example, we can add 12 meters to 10 meters to get 22 meters of length, but we cannot add 12 meters to 10 inches. In those cases, we need to know and use 'measurement conversion' to convert the given units into a common unit. Whether it is length, mass, temperature, or time, we have some formulas that can be used to get the values in a common unit. Given below is a measurement chart that can be used for such conversion.

By using these values, we can apply the unitary method to convert a unit to another unit of measurement. For example, if 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters, then 5 inches can be calculated by multiplying 5 by 2.54 which will give us 12.7 centimeters. In addition to the conversion within the same system of measurement, we can also convert a unit from the metric system to the standard system, and vice-versa as shown in the above example.

To measure length, we use measurement tapes and a ruler. We have already discussed units and conversion for the measurement of length. There are two ways to measure length which are informal ways and formal ways. Informal ways include measuring length using hand span, thread, etc., where there is no definite relation between the quantities in numbers. The formal ways include measurement units like meters, inches, etc., which give meaning and structure to our findings. The following table gives some of the units and their conversions related to the length measurement.

Mass is the amount of matter present in an object. To measure mass, we use various units like grams, kilograms, milligrams, pounds, ounces, tons, etc. It is measured using a scale or a weighing balance. To convert mass from one unit to another, we can use the following conversions:

Measurement of time can be done using various units like seconds, minutes, hours, weeks, days, fortnights, months, and years. To write time, we use A.M and P.M, but to measure it these units are used. Observe the measurement chart given below which shows the units of measuring time along with their conversions.

In 1 year, there are 365 days or 52 weeks and 1 day, but in a leap year, there are 366 days or 52 weeks and 2 days. A leap year can be identified by dividing it by 4. If it is exactly divisible by 4, then it is a leap year, otherwise, it is not. For example, 2020 was a leap year as 2020 is divisible by 4. For century years like 2000, 2100, 3000, etc., we check their divisibility by 400 to find out whether they are leap years or not.

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What is Measurement in Maths?

Measurement in maths is a collective branch that consists of the units of measurement, rules, and formulas to determine the measurement parameters such as area, volume, length, perimeter, surface area, time, etc. It can be defined as the process of quantifying length, weight, capacity, and other such quantities.

What are the 7 Basic Units of Measurement?

The seven SI base units are:

• Length - meter (m)
• Time - second (s)
• Amount of substance - mole (mole)
• Electric current - ampere (A)
• Temperature - kelvin (K)
• Luminous intensity - candela (cd)
• Mass - kilogram (kg)

What is the Formula for Surface Area Measurement?

The surface area of a solid shape is the combined area of all its faces. It is measured in square units. Thus,

• Surface Area of Cuboid = 2(lh + lb + bh)
• Surface Area of Cube = 6s
• Surface Area of Cone = π r(r + s)
• Surface Area of Cylinder = 2πr (r+h)
• Surface Area of Sphere = 4πr²

What is Formula for Area Measurement?

The most basic formula to find the area of a 2D shape is the formula for the area of a rectangle. That is, the area of the rectangle is the length multiplied by the width. Also, as a special case, where l = w, that is the case of a square, then the formula for the area (A) of a square with side length s is A = s² (square). Other formulas for the measurement of area are:

• Area of triangle = 1/2 × b × h
• Area of circle = πr²
• Area of parallelogram = base × height
• Area of trapezoid = 1/2 × (sum of parallel sides) × height

What System of Measurement is used in the US?

The United States has introduced its own customary unit system which is USCS (United States Customary System) which is extensively used in various fields. The units they use for measurement include feet, inches, pounds, ounces, tons, etc.

Why is Measurement Important?

It is important to measure certain things to understand the world around us, such as distance, time, temperature, etc. Measurement is a concept that is used in almost all fields, a few of them are given below.

• Measurement of agricultural fields, and floor areas required for purchase/selling transactions.
• Measurement of volumes required for packaging milk, liquids, and solid edible food items.
• Measurements of surface areas required for estimation of painting houses, buildings, etc.

What is the Main System of Measurement?

The main system of measurement is the international system of units (SI) units, and all other systems of measurement are linked to it. The British Imperial system and the US customary system are linked to the SI units of measurement with the units of conversion and can be conveniently used to convert from one unit to another.

What are the Three Types of Measurement?

The three standard types of measurement systems are listed below:

• The International System of Units (SI) units
• The British Imperial System
• The US Customary System

Why is it Important to do the Measurement of Time?

Time is a very important measurement that helps us fix the duration or length of any event, specify when an event will start and end, and also compare the duration of any two events.